Over long time, human food and clothing depended mainly on agriculture. While ever because the historic time, agriculture had always relied on a lot of human labor, which was subject to various kinds of natural conditions. So the development of agriculture was very slow. Throughout the nineteenth century, using agricultural machinery gradually improved the working conditions. Nonetheless, in agricultural production, it was the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that really elevated the agricultural output in per unit area.
Observe shows that, among all of the measures to extend the agricultural production, the function performed by chemical fertilizers is 40% to sixty five%. On the premise of the booming in the petrochemical industry, synthetic ammonia and urea have realized massive-scale production, which makes the output of chemical fertilizer occupy a big proportion within the chemical products. In 1985, the total output of chemical fertilizer in the world amounted to approximately 140 million ton, which made it develop into one of the bulk chemical products. In recent years, the development of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and trace elements fertilizer has additional meet the demands of different soil buildings and totally different crops.
In the early period, people used natural animals, plants and minerals to stop and deal with crop pests and diseases. Till the late 19th century, after the formation of recent chemical business, people started to use arsenic preparation to kill beetles on potato, and use Bordeaux mixture to prevent and deal with downy mildew on grapes, so that agriculture began a new era of chemical prevention and treatment. During the Forties, loads of pesticides and herbicides, resembling organic chlorine, organic phosphorus, have been produced and widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and public health. However, some of the pesticides during this interval have been rich in residues or poison, which caused ecological pollution, so that they had been banned by many countries.
In recent times, a number of environment friendly, low-residue, low-toxicity pesticides have been developed, including pyrethroid, which is a bionic pesticide and will not pollute the environment. It has been put into industrial production. As a result, bio-pesticides have change into the most active areas in pesticide research currently.
What’s more, plastic film (akin to high pressure polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, etc.) has been applied in modern agriculture, which is used for mulching film or greenhouse seedlings. It can significantly increase the output of the crops, so it is now being popularized on a big area.
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