There are particular things it is best to know about when selecting and making use of paints and sealants to your boat. Paints for cosmetic and protective purposes differ significantly according to the material being treated.
A number of the most complicated treatments have been devised to counter rusting in steel hulls. In GRP production boats with hulls coated with gelcoat, the only maintenance required outside is occasional polishing above the waterline, and cleaning and anti-fouling below. Anti-foulings are thick paints containing chemicals poisonous to marine life corresponding to weed and barnacles. Some leach away leaving a spongy residue which can simply be sanded off, while other newer types are ablating, which means the motion of the water wears them away leaving recent toxins. The toxins are mainly natural copper, mercury or tin compounds. Some international locations prohibit using certain anti-foulings, particularly in enclosed waters, so it is necessary to check your local legislation.
Fibreglass, if it is to be painted, should first be coated with a fibreglass primer. Wood ought to be sanded smooth and either varnished or primed for a colour coating. The place it is enclosed, wood ought to be treated with a preservative to prevent rot. For exposed wood, a varnish containing extremely-violet filters ought to be used. The most effective opaque paints for marine use, are the two-pack polyurethanes which are more costly than enamels, however produce a very hard film. Enamels are simpler to apply, are thinned with mineral turpentine or comparable, and are simpler to touch up. Polyurethanes are thinned with fragrant solvents like xylene and toluen which give off disagreeable fumes, and being two-pack, have to be combined in quantities which will cover the required space and used within hours.
Aluminium must be washed with dilute phosphoric acid, after which painted with an etch-primer earlier than being painted with a traditional chromate metal primer after which preferably a polyurethane type paint. Galvanized steel should be degreased, and then handled with dilute hydrochloric acid to etch a key for the chromate metal primer. Underwater areas, either GRP, timber or metal, ought to first be painted with a coat of epoxy. In the case of GRP hulls, this reduces the likelihood of osmosis in which molecules of water pass by the gelcoat and form bubbles. Metal boats want a high quality sandblast earlier than the anti-corrosive system is applied.
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