There are certain things you should know about when choosing and applying paints and sealants to your boat. Paints for beauty and protective purposes differ tremendously in keeping with the material being treated.
Among the most advanced therapies have been devised to counter rusting in steel hulls. In GRP production boats with hulls coated with gelcoat, the only maintenance required outside is occasional polishing above the waterline, and cleaning and anti-fouling below. Anti-foulings are thick paints containing chemical compounds poisonous to marine life such as weed and barnacles. Some leach away leaving a spongy residue which can simply be sanded off, while different newer types are ablating, which means the motion of the water wears them away leaving recent toxins. The toxins are mainly organic copper, mercury or tin compounds. Some nations prohibit using certain anti-foulings, particularly in enclosed waters, so it is vital to check your local legislation.
Fibreglass, if it is to be painted, ought to first be coated with a fibreglass primer. Wood needs to be sanded smooth and either varnished or primed for a colour coating. Where it is enclosed, wood needs to be handled with a preservative to prevent rot. For uncovered wood, a varnish containing extremely-violet filters needs to be used. The best opaque paints for marine use, are the 2-pack polyurethanes which are more costly than enamels, but produce a really hard film. Enamels are easier to apply, are thinned with mineral turpentine or related, and are easier to touch up. Polyurethanes are thinned with aromatic solvents like xylene and toluen which give off unpleasant fumes, and being -pack, should be blended in quantities which will cover the required area and used within hours.
Aluminium should be washed with dilute phosphoric acid, and then painted with an etch-primer before being painted with a standard chromate metal primer and then preferably a polyurethane type paint. Galvanized steel ought to be degreased, after which handled with dilute hydrochloric acid to etch a key for the chromate metal primer. Underwater areas, either GRP, timber or metal, should first be painted with a coat of epoxy. In the case of GRP hulls, this reduces the likelihood of osmosis in which molecules of water pass by the gelcoat and form bubbles. Metal boats need a high quality sandblast before the anti-corrosive system is applied.
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