A musical instrument with a large stomach, a short and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards in the shape of a circle. The body is hollow. In the midst of the front part called the chest, there are small cavities on the sides called «roses».
Oud instrument (written as «ud» in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from «al-ud». It is not a local Turkish instrument however it has been performed in Anatolia for at the least five centuries. Besides, in the history, the oud has been played by several civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are several types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an amazing place in Turkish Art Music, Turkish urban music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the paperwork and oral tradition because the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox connected to a short neck. The instrument has a pear-formed body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood must be light because the bowl is meant to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the front a part of the body, contains one or two, generally three sound holes. These sound holes could also be oval or they can be ornamented depending on the lands they are performed on. There is a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound hole with a purpose to protect the belly from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is shaped by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from sixteen to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the material used in the making of the oudis important. The more the material is diverse, the higher it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud does not have any normal dimension or number of strings. But in general, all of the types of ouds have eleven intestine strings which might be organized in five double-courses with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is played with a plectrum. Its fretless neck permits the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones specific to the Middle Japanese music. Oud instrument is suitable so that you can enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by taking part in makams/maqamat.
Oudis performed in keeping with schools of performance. The first is «Ottoman» school and it accepts as principle the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, in keeping with which the quantity is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This model requires another kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they are considered in response to their origin. Those types of oud mostly differ of their timbre and there are small size differences between them.
Arabic oud is probably the most known oud instrument type and perhaps the most well-liked because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger comparing to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They’ve a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates numerous overtones. Iraqi ouds may be categorized under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the underside of the instrument. Because of this characteristic, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which can also be called Barbat is more distinct and due to its form, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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